Neurology

Spikeopathy Stratified: Five Mechanistic Subtypes, a Tiered Biomarker Matrix, and What Would Falsify the Framework

A companion to the spikeopathy pathways article. Five mechanism-based subtypes instead of one umbrella hypothesis, a four-tier UK biomarker matrix …

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Spikeopathy Pathways: mTOR, Glymphatic Clearance, and the SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis

The clearance-system failure hypothesis of spikeopathy. Two systems break together: mTOR-driven autophagy inside cells, and glymphatic flow between …

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Fluorescence micrograph showing Thioflavin T-positive amyloid fibrils with green staining against dark background, demonstrating beta-sheet structures in blood sample

Amyloid Fibrin Microclots in Long COVID: Evidence Review and Treatment Landscape

Peer-reviewed evidence for spike-induced amyloid fibrin microclots in Long COVID, the diagnostic gap created by standard coagulation panels, and the …

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